The naming effect suggests that when a person has two equal amounts of money, they are more likely to spend less money (for example). The dignity effect (Raghubir and Srivastava, 2009) shows that when people exist in the form of large denominations (e.g., ten dollar bills), compared with many smaller denominations (e.g., ten dollars and one dollar bills), people It is unlikely to spend money. Previous research has documented the impact of denominations because consumers are less likely to spend large bills (e.g., $100) compared to small bills (e.g., five $20 bills). [Sources: 0, 4, 11]
For example, the naming effect occurs when people are less likely to spend larger bills than their equivalent value on small bills or coins. This cognitive bias, known as the naming effect, affects various forms of currency, with the result that people are less likely to spend money if they take the form of large bills than to spend the equivalent amount of money in smaller bills or coins. … The naming effect was only officially discovered recently, in a 2009 research paper by marketing professors Priya Raghubir and Joydip Srivastava, who conducted several test experiments on the topic. [Sources: 2, 8]
In another experiment, Raghubir was standing outside a gas station in Omaha. Priya Raghubir and Joydeep Srivastava conducted a series of experiments in the United States and China that showed that people were much more willing to spend the same amount of money if they had lower denomination bills rather than large bills. They were also more likely to break a larger worn-out bill than to pay the exact amount in a smaller denomination. [Sources: 6, 10]
Our findings specifically supplement the “naming effect” literature (Raghubir and Srivastava, 2009), which suggests that one of the reasons people are more likely to shop when they have lower denominations is because they want to exercise self-control. …And they don’t want to forget how much money they have (see also Raghubir et al., 2017). The marginal effect of naming provides insight into people’s normative beliefs about money; consumers may think that smaller bills are more affected because they themselves use them more frequently. When testing the opening, please note that when people receive the same amount of small denomination bills (four five-dollar bills), they spend more than when they hold large bills (one 20-dollar bill). The author discovers the physics of money Aspects can be enlarged. Reduce or even reverse this impact. [Sources: 6, 7, 9]
Despite evidence that currency denomination can affect spending, researchers have yet to explore whether the appearance of money can do the same. However, in addition to providing some of the earliest evidence that the appearance of money can change spending behavior, this study offers insight into the relative power of denomination on spending. Second, we find that the appearance of money can improve, mitigate, and even reverse the previous effects of denomination on spending. [Sources: 9]
So, like Serina, if you’ve ever wondered why we would rather spend our low value money more than high value equal value money, one explanation is the denomination effect. We tend to value lower bills less than tall bills, not paying much attention to why we do it. [Sources: 0]
In other situations not covered in this article, consumers may be indifferent between using two bills on hand, maintaining the principle of monetary invariance, or more likely to spend smaller bills, maintaining the “bill effect,” which we will discuss below. We assume that the effect of price denomination will mean that people will use cash when the present value matches the price to be paid, while using the card when the present value does not match the price. [Sources: 7]
This means that if the denominations are not equal to price, consumers are less likely to rely on price information when choosing a denomination to buy. Study 2 results show that people choose discounts that match the price of purchases that are most often considered, rather than discounts that do not match those prices, and make those decisions faster. We also examined the role of price pegging as a potential mechanism for this effect and found that people make faster decisions when they choose a bill that matches the price (Study 2). [Sources: 5]
We found that when the price matches the customer’s cash denomination, consumers are more likely to use cash than debit cards, indicating that the price denomination also affects their choice of payment method. However, the price denomination effect predicts that when the price matches the value of the paper money they hold, people are more likely to pay in cash, but if not, they will not. Between these two terms, participants are more likely to spend when they receive four quarters instead of one dollar bill, which is consistent with the denomination effect. [Sources: 0, 5, 7]
Study 1B replicated the effect of Study 1A with higher spending levels and higher prices. Study 1B explores the possibility of generalizing the effect using higher cost levels, higher price set, and larger reductions. Like the results of infection, these effects did not depend on the face value. [Sources: 5, 7, 9]
Another way consumers violate descriptive invariance is to spend more when using a credit card than when using cash (Raghubir and Srivastava, 2008), and spend more when they have smaller bills than larger ones (Mishra et al., 2006; Raghubir and Srivastava, 2009). Called the denomination effect, our tendency to avoid spending larger bills also suggests that people prefer to receive money in larger denominations. In 2009, people tend to associate smaller bills with smaller, more varied purchases, according to a study published in the Journal of Consumer Research. This means that if you carry around 10 $ 10 bills, you’ll spend it faster than $ 100, according to a study published in the Journal of Consumer Research. … [Sources: 3, 5]
The same effect usually occurs in the financial sector, where the unit value of a particular asset indicates that investors tend to reduce spending when pricing large amounts. When a company’s stock is traded at a relatively high price before the spin-off, such as five to one, investors are more likely to switch to and invest in other companies with lower absolute prices. Therefore, the impact of lower prices increases people’s absolute expenditures. [Sources: 8]
If a person receives APS20, if it is offered in a smaller denomination (such as APS1 coins or change), then that person is more likely to spend it instead of offering it in a larger denomination (especially in the case of the famous .APS20) . Using psychological accounting theory (Thaler, 1985; Thaler and Shefrin, 1981), the authors suggest that people might consider large denominations of currency as real currency, while equivalent amounts of smaller denominations are considered small currencies or change ( Ragubir and Srivastava, 2009)). [Sources: 1, 9]
You are not alone, and our reluctance to pay big bills can in fact be used to trick our minds into spending less, as science shows. This matching effect can be extended to other payment methods (such as gift cards). This belief underscores the growing interest in the influence of naming. [Sources: 3, 9, 11]
— Slimane Zouggari
##### Sources #####
[0]: https://absolutedecisionsblog.wordpress.com/2018/03/23/the-denomination-effect-in-consumer-spending-behaviour/
[1]: https://www.adcocksolutions.com/post/no-16-of-36-the-denomination-effect
[2]: https://www.businessinsider.com/cognitive-biases-2015-10
[3]: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/how-to-save-money-using-cash-235843261.html
[4]: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689867
[5]: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552888/full
[6]: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/630713
[7]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7509091/
[8]: https://internationalbanker.com/brokerage/cognitive-bias-series-6-denomination-effect/
[9]: https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article/39/6/1330/1825424
[10]: https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104063298
[11]: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0148296321000990