Individual differences in almost every aspect of inner feelings related to hunger, satiety, and thirst are documented, including how participants use, prioritize, and integrate instinct, motivation, emotion, and cognitive information. These results, combined with recent advances in our understanding of how the brain works,3 indicate the need for a better understanding of how individual differences interact with the key processes behind interception. In summary, these results indicate that the effect of interception on self-awareness may exceed its known effects on emotion and phenomenon awareness, and the awareness of the inner receptive body may be the core of self-awareness. Because interception is necessary for the experience. A unified, non-empty self and its stability, because interception can offset the influence of changes in external sensory signals. This would be useful because current methods of assessing consciousness are almost entirely focused on responses to external stimuli, and the integration of internal and external sensations can provide a way to assess the external and internal perception aspects of self-related consciousness. [Sources: 0, 4, 6, 12]
There is a lack of evidence to show that there is a relationship between our ERP effect and the participants’ introductory abilities during the internal attention period. This is inconsistent with the previous evidence that the HEP response is regulated by the fidelity of introductory perception (Schandry et al., the perception of heart rate can be seen For the difference in our fidelity), the expected accuracy and inner perception consciousness will similarly regulate the inner perception prediction mechanism. However, we found that there is no relationship between introductory abilities and the differences in HEP observed in our tasks. This explanation is consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Garfinkel et al. [4] The relative balance between accuracy, sensitivity, and consciousness can explain the cognitive, emotional, and clinical associations of internal perception. [Sources: 2, 12]
As expected, the emotional changes of the endosensory signals captured by the endosensory evaluation are only related to the anxiety after the suppression of the anterior insula. Here, we use this effect to determine whether it can be used to identify people who are most likely to respond subjectively to unexpected intracompetence. After high DIF participants consumed glucose (sweetness provides calories) or low DIF participants, the same effect was not observed (Figure. Interestingly, random emotional states and anxiety did not relieve them of hunger, interception, CRT Situational judgments where there is a lack of correlation between performance and morality. [Sources: 0, 2, 11]
The insignificant relationship between hunger / thirst and moral judgment has not been investigated for the mitigating effects of emotional states. An unexpected and new finding in this study was that hunger bias had a unique influence on judgments about the acceptability of unfavorable harmful actions, whereas “intuitive” decision-making tendencies only predicted judgments about the adequacy of harm. In line with previous research, physiological changes associated with hunger conditions can affect how seriously we judge the acceptability of moral disturbances from an allocentric point of view (Vicario et al., 2018), but the exclusivity of this effect for harmful actions is not profitable. … a new discovery for dealing with moral dilemmas based on harm. [Sources: 3, 11]
This suggests that hunger can have a unique effect on the judgments of allocentrists about disadvantageous harmful actions. Continuing with previous work, we investigated whether the roles of hunger, interoceptive process, and emotional state were equally related to moral appropriateness (egocentrism) and moral acceptability (allocentric) of harm judgments. The hunger bias, independent of IS and emotional state, influenced unfavorable judgments about the acceptability of harmful actions. [Sources: 3, 11]
An important observation in the present study was that after participants consumed the congruent sensory drink, the discrepancy in satiety (SD) and the expected confidence in satiety (ESC) were inversely related to the correlation between changes in hunger and changes in glycemia (interoceptive coherence; CI) ( Table 1). [Sources: 0]
Therefore, although the subjective state of hunger and thirst will affect moral decision-making due to the physical experience that usually accompanies them, individual differences in internal sensitivity are likely to determine how these internal states are transformed into psychological and emotional states. The tendency to focus on gut sensation, internal sensory sensitivity (IS), and emotional and physiological states associated with visceral states may be important in the relationship between hunger, thirst, and moral judgment. Although several states of internal feeling can affect digestion (for example, body temperature, fatigue, stress, excitement), hunger, satiety, and thirst may be the most important (it should be noted that drinking has a significant effect on energy intake) Contributions; for example, De Ruyter, Katan, Kuijper, Liem, and Olthof, 2013; De Ruyter, Olthof, Seidell, and Katan, 2012). Hunger and thirst are two daily internal competencies, especially many studies have shown that hunger affects moral decision-making. [Sources: 3, 4, 11]
Emotional states are fundamentally related to internal feeling processes and hunger (Macht and Simons, 2000; Barrett, 2016; MacCormack and Lindquist, 2016) and can influence moral judgments (for example, Valdesolo and Desteno, 2006; Zhang et al., 2017b). Some theories believe that emotions and self-awareness stem from the integration of internal and external signals and their corresponding weighted expectations. From this perspective, interception is not a pure bottom-up process; it mainly involves the brain’s prediction of the internal state of the body. Active reasoning is not only suitable for the evaluation and control of external states, but also for the evaluation and control of internal sensory flow (for example, 2019; Pezzulo, 2013; Pezzulo et al., 2018b, 2015b; G. Pezzulo et al., 2018). (Seth, 2013 ) And the occurrence of pathological conditions (Barrett et al., 2016; Friston et al., 2014; Murphy et al., 2017; Paulus et al., 2019a; Quadt et al., 2018). [Sources: 8, 11, 12]
This may have more to do with the effects of interoceptive metacognition and interoceptive sensitivity and their relationship with the effects of ACI, since there is sufficient evidence for the laterality of the hemispheres of emotion processing and cognitive functions, as well as interhemispheric interactions [72]. Our results strongly suggest that cTBS is an effective tool for exploring neural networks that support communication processes. These same cortical centers also facilitate the integration of intrinsic sensory information into states of attraction (eg, pain, sex, hunger, thirst) and emotion (Harshaw, 2014). [Sources: 2, 4]
Thus, individual differences in IAC accuracy can be explained by variations in the “accuracy” with which interoceptive signals from within the body are presented (Fotopoulou, 2013; Friston, 2010; Seth, 2013), and this accuracy-dependent reporting may also explain the effect that levels IAcc can have exteroceptive self-presentation. An alternative prediction, motivated by how interception is conceptualized here, argues that understanding others requires a “good enough” (that is, accurate) representation of our (interoceptive) states, because a key element in representing other states is our understanding of how their states affect. on us. For example, decisions should not be influenced by the order in which cases are presented, or whether the judge is tired or hungry. [Sources: 1, 6]
However, judges have been shown to exhibit the same errors and biases as other people (e.g. Englich, Mussweiler & Strack, 2006; Guthrie, Rachlinski & Wistrich, 2000, 2007). Bias can be applied in any situation where people are making consistent decisions, such as medical advice, college admissions, or grant review committees. One chance for parole hinges on the last time the trial judge takes a break, say researchers who have studied Israeli court decisions. As judges get tired and hungry, the researchers say they lean toward the simpler option of not taking probation. [Sources: 1, 5]
— Slimane Zouggari
##### Sources #####
[0]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89417-8
[1]: http://journal.sjdm.org/16/16823/jdm16823.html
[2]: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0016
[3]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530233/
[4]: https://docksci.com/individual-differences-in-the-interoceptive-states-of-hunger-fullness-and-thirst_5a3adea1d64ab287ada0b597.html
[5]: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hungry-judges-dispense-rough-justice/
[6]: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/17470218.2016.1181768
[7]: https://www.nationalaffairs.com/blog/detail/findings-a-daily-roundup/felt-something
[8]: https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13415-020-00777-6
[9]: https://molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13041-020-00674-6
[10]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungry_judge_effect
[11]: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02261/full
[12]: https://academic.oup.com/cercorcomms/article/1/1/tgaa060/5900217