
Six Sigma – What is it?
Six Sigma is an excellence management course that is made to get a six sigma level of superior products. In the mid-1980s, Motorola founded Six Sigma and it has been adopted by a lot of other companies and industrialists. Service businesses also use Six Sigma approaches to advance customer service and dealings. The notion behind Six Sigma is that catastrophes in superiority and customer satisfaction happen next to the sixth sigma of probability in a normal delivery curve. Hence, the notion is that there are fewer flaws for each product or client service. Motorola describes the accomplishment of six-sigma worth with respect to the number of Defects Per Million Opportunities.
Why Utilize Six Sigma?
A lot of companies and detractors of Six Sigma thought that attaining six levels of superiority was unbearable, but numerous companies have showed the detractors wrong. Some businesses even go afar six-sigma. Like for instance, GE Aircraft Engines, which function at Nine Sigma levels of excellence. Six sigma is useful because it decreases the amount of mistakes in customer service and merchandises. This result amplified customer satisfaction, improved revenue, more returning clienteles, and the attainment of new clienteles. Companies that could device six-sigma positively have higher standards of superiority and typically produce better merchandises and services.
Why is it just Six Sigma?
Numerous people don’t know how six-sigma relays to 3.4 defects for every million. In essence, people don’t know how requiring six levels of sigma increases quality considerably. A lot of businesses used to have less sigma, typically about 3 or 4. On the other hand, Motorola was the first company to utilize six levels. Six is the best number whereas four-sigma ensures that there are just about 2.6 difficulties in a thousand. Conversely, the issue rises with deviance. Imagine an industrial process wherein a drill makes a hole which is thought to be 100 micrometers.
With 4 levels of Sigma, just about 1 in 400 will be substandard. This inappropriately does not consider the average rate of measurement that will change over time. Therefore, if the dimension slowly drifts as every new hole is drilled, around 6.6% of the production will be off by 1.5 sigma. When the procedure has floated by 150 micrometers, and then the hole will be off by 300 micrometers that is a very large faulty rate. Utilizing six sigma with a 1.5 sigma change to compose for average deviation, the quotients are lower and so the defective amounts are much sensible.
Conclusion
Clienteles value quality primarily other things in an industry. When a business creates a high quality service or product, more clienteles will yield, and that commercial will gain new patrons. Six-sigma aids to guarantee the superiority of the services and products is just the best. Six-sigma, once implemented properly, is very operational and that is the reason why numerous companies nowadays utilize Six-sigma. This procedure was founded over 2 decades ago by Motorola, and has confirmed its lasting qualities in its continued usage in the business world.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrumbut
Teams cannot maximize Scrum and use it to solve their problems due to a Scrumbut. Organizations that are looking into implementing Agile may turn to Scrum. However, implementing Scrum will not let you attain the success that Agile is recognized for if you don’t make the shift. Organizations that don’t make that shift are called Scrumbuts as they are putting Scrum into action, but with changes for their unique situation. Here are signs that you may be a Scrumbut.
Your developers keep getting ahead of the testers
Scrum team aims to complete the task by the end of the race and members of team do what it takes to achieve this. Team members who get ahead of the others will hold back the team in due course. Every member of the team has to do something to help the group such as writing a test framework or running a test. If the entire team falls behind, all members also fall behind, regardless of what they are accomplishing as a person.
You fail to comply with regulatory documents
The Scrum team provides working code. Building the most amazing user experience won’t matter at all if your software cannot be used and you don’t comply with the required documentation. Ensure all tasks are done during the sprint.
Members of the team are scared to try new ideas as they’re afraid of failure
Scrum team members always do their best and feel comfortable about it as they know they won’t be blamed for trying to achieve the best. You should not allow your team members to become afraid of failure.
Retrospectives focus on “who” instead of “what”
You should focus on how you work together. It’s also important to focus on the tools you use to complete your tasks. There may be members who cannot meet the team’s demands. Those team members will be will be uncovered without the retrospectives revolving around them. You should allow the team to focus on the skills of its members and eliminate those that prevent the team from achieving success.
You want all of the stories described in detail before you start the first sprint
Traditional organizations don’t start until they have discussed every detail. On the other hand, Agile organizations put the stories into the backlog once they have enough information to estimate them and allocate business value. The information gets discussed later by determining implementation activities during the sprint planning assemblies. By waiting to define the information until everyone is ready to work, the team can avoid unnecessary waste.
You focus on metrics than on outstanding results
There are plenty of metrics that can be considered by a Scrum team and ScrumMaster. These metrics help the Scrum team determine blockers. However, these metrics can become a goal that the team may only focus on it and forget about the results. The team can only be considered effective if the software is launched and the client is satisfied. Metrics should only be used to determine problems and during the retrospective.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrum Master
The Scrum Master ensures that a Scrum team follows the practices and values of Scrum. They help the team do the best work they can. The role of the Scrum Master is often assumed by a technical team leader or former project manager, but anyone can become a Scrum Master.
The Scrum Master is not only considered a coach, but also a process owner as they establish a balance with the main stakeholder (often called the product owner) of the project. He does anything possible to ensure the team’s highest level of performance.
This includes working with the main stakeholder, facilitating meetings and eliminating hindrances to the project’s progress to ensure the product backlog is in great condition and well-prepared for the ensuing sprint. The Scrum Master is also seen as the team’s protector. He ensures that the team doesn’t overcommit themselves to what they can do during a sprint because of pressure from a very aggressive product owner.
While the Scrum Master may not have authority over members of the Scrum team, he does have power over the process. He can say what needs to be done during the duration of the project. The Scrum Master helps the team use Scrum. Their assistance is similar to a personal fitness trainer who helps you perform the right exercises and stick to your program. He will not only motivate you, but also ensure that you don’t cheap by not doing a particularly hard exercise. The authority of the fitness trainer is limited as he cannot force you to do an exercise you hate. The fitness trainer will remind you of your objectives and how you have decided to achieve them. That is the authority of the fitness trainer that was given by you. For a Scrum Master, he has authority. However, his authority is given to him by the team.
He can say that the team is supposed to deliver fully functional software at the end of every sprint. If the team failed, the Scrum Master can ask about what can be done to make sure that they’ll perform well next time. This is the Scrum Master using power over the process. If the team failed to provide potentially shippable software, something has gone wrong. Since the authority of the Scrum Master doesn’t go beyond process, he should not ask a member of the team to review all codes because they failed to provide something possibly shippable. While it might be a good idea to ask a team member to review the code, the Scrum Master cannot really make that decision. It is not in the scope of his authority. In other words, the authority of the Scrum Master is limited to ensuring the team adheres to the process. It’s safe to say that his role can be harder than that of a normal project manager. The project manager can tell the team to do something because it’s his decision. The Scrum Master, on the other hand, is limited to ensuring that the team follows Scrum.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrum: Burndown Chart
Velocity and burndown charts are used to monitor the development of an Agile project. The velocity report monitors the story points accomplished in a certain timeframe and allows team members to know how well they’re following the schedule. A burndown chart, on the other hand, is a graphical illustration of the remaining work and time. Time is often located on the horizontal axis and backlog or outstanding work on the vertical axis. A burndown chart can be used to determine when the work will be finalized. It’s often used in Scrum and other agile software development procedures.
Benefits of Burndown Charts
One tracking and planning tool
The team can break down the tasks and update estimated and remaining effort. This allows them to own the plan. They can plan and track their progress using the burndown chart.
Daily visibility reduces risks
Cost overrun and schedule overrun are significant metrics that are monitored in traditional project management on a weekly basis. The burndown chart provides feedback on schedule and effort on a daily basis, reducing the risks and increasing alarms once something goes wrong. For instance, if the progress line hovers above the ideal line, the team knows that there’s a problem. They can plan the right course of action and mitigate risks before they become large problems.
Schedule management
The team can plan what needs to be accomplished in a sprint and update the list of tasks. Since the updates are done on a daily basis, the team knows whether it’s on the right track to meet their objectives or not.
Communicate with stakeholders and clients
A burndown chart is a great tool for communicating with stakeholders and clients. It can be printed and put in an Agile room or even shared with stakeholders on a daily basis. A burndown chart provides visibility on the progress of a project. If there is no online tool, a burndown chart can be physically displayed using a chart paper or whiteboard and place in the area where the team works.
How to Make a Burndown chart
Break down the tasks. Every task must have associated hours that the team agrees on during the planning meeting. The burndown chart is then plotted. A lot of Agile tools such as Mingle, RTC and Rally have an in-built capability for burndown charts. A burndown chart, however, can still be maintained in a spreadsheet if you don’t have Agile tools. Remaining efforts are put on the Y axis, while dates are placed on the X axis.
Burndown charts can be plotted at the release level or sprint level. Sprint burndown charts are usually monitored using effort remaining, but it is also common for some to use story points to monitor release burndown.
Different variants of burndown charts have appeared since their inception. Some find it useful to make burnup charts at the release or sprint level. While the Cumulative Flow Diagram is becoming more common, burndown charts are still the most prevalent tracking tool among Agile practitioners because of their simplicity and effectiveness.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrum: Sprint Review
Getting to know more about sprint will help in understanding more about processes done in preparing for a meeting. With this review, you will learn more about Scrum. In Scrum, it is a requirement for every sprint to provide a product increment that is potentially shippable. This only means that as every sprint ends, the team should already produce a piece of software that is tested, coded, and usable. Most of the time, this is presented in a form of demo where all new features are shown and are introduced to everyone in the review meeting.
Whenever a sprint review meeting is on process, it is most of the time kept informal. This is done intentionally but forbids the team that will present their demo to use any PowerPoint slides and not use more than 2 hours of preparing before attending and presenting the meeting. When it comes to handling sprint review meeting, it should not be treated by the team as a distraction or even a detour for the entire team. It should be taken by the team as a natural result for the sprint. This will help the team in improving their work and still attain their goal of making it great in the presentation.
Teams who are preparing for the sprint review, they should be prepared for the people whom they are presenting their demos with. The meeting usually includes the Scrum Team, Scrum Master, product owner, customers, management, and also some developers coming as representatives from other projects. Knowing how the people are in the review meeting will help the entire team in always being prepared of the possible reactions from everyone. It can possibly help them in being active in receiving questions and also in taking in recommendations or improvements that must be done.
When the time of the sprint review is done, the entire project will be assessed contrary to the goal that is usually determined throughout the meeting for sprint planning. This is usually the biggest challenged for the team as their goals can be questioned and may put their work into further questioning. For the team to succeed and impress the people in the meeting, the team should already arrive in the meeting with the product backlog item completely done. The item should be brought in the sprint where the sprint’s overall goal is achieved. This way, it can impress both the product owner, developers of other projects, and even the Scrum Master.
In the meeting, everyone attending is expecting the team to provide live demonstration and not show them a report. It is the product owner’s right to review all the commitments in the meeting and will be the one declaring the items that are considered as done. On the other hand, the Scrum master will be the one converting the feedbacks into another product backlog items that prioritizes everything that the owner wants. Usually, when there is a new scope discovered during the development of the new items, the new scope is displacing the old scope as the discovered scope is give more important than the original one.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrum: Definition of Ready
Learning when to use the definition of ready is another confusing thing for many. Currently, many teams are using the definition of done or DoD for checking whenever a user story is already finished or whenever the products is already set for delivery. However, when it comes to user stories that certain teams receive from product owners, teams can only verify user stories when the Definition of Ready or DoR is used.
Given that there are more individuals who are interested with learning more about what definition of ready is and why it is essential for the increase of the planning productivity of the team, there are even blogs pertaining to this term and are explaining its significance in a team. Anyone can agree that DoR is usually the least to be utilized yet considered as powerful tools that any agile team can use. As what Scrum defined DoR, stories should be instantly actionable. A team should have the ability of determining what should be done as well as the needed amount of work that is required for it to be completed. Those stories that are labeled “ready” should be concise, clean and actionable.
While DoR is used for most activities and artifacts, there are some who find it as the introduction for the important factor in the work stream which is the concept of preparing for planning. There are even benefits of a well-structured DoR that teams can get. These benefits are the following:
• Allows measuring the “ready” state of a backlog item.
• Ensures that the backlog items were thought together “just enough”
• Helps the team in the identification of other team members or product owner that is becoming overwhelmed.
• Keeps the entire team accountable for every member
• Reduces the pressure over the team for committing estimates prior to labeling stories as “ready”
• Reduces the possibility of requirements churn during development.
With all of these benefits in mind, there is no doubt that DoR can possibly solve problems of most teams who are working on stories.
Basically, a team that are working together towards attaining “readiness of the stories” will help product owners in an amazing way especially when it comes to improving themselves better. Also, it can help the team in not waiting longer for blockers for resolving every sprint.
There are also other ways on how people can use or take advantage of definition of ready in creating an overly regulated process which may impede the collaboration between the development team and owner. This means that whenever there are communication issues with the two parties, Dor can be extended using a new policy.
Once particular improvements of definition of ready are done, it will then require the product owner to state that every requirement is correct, consistently pre-checked done by a software architect and another product owner, and should also complete. This will prevent any missing details or ambiguity.
When it comes to DoR, experts are recommending teams to choose smaller DoR. This allows the entire team to be more capable when it comes to handling any incomplete information.
Slimane Zouggari
Scrum: Definition of Done
It is said that the definition of done is important for any highly operational Scrum team. You need to know the important characteristics that a team has for done to be defined. Making sure that a team can meet these DoD criteria can guarantee that your team can deliver the said features that can assure that it is truly done both in functionality as well as quality.
Most of the time the definition of done is composed of a list of certain activities that can range from writing codes, coding comments, testing unit, testing integration, releasing notes, designing documents and a lot more. These activities can add demonstrable or verifiable value to any product. When you focus on the steps that add value, it allows the team to put all of their attention on the things that they should complete for them to build the software on time and eliminate all the activities that waste their time and complicate their development efforts in finishing the software.
In the simplest form, DoD is having the ability of saying that the feature is either already done or not done. What it gives a product or any artifact is that, it adds clarity in the statement that the feature is done. With using DoD as the reference used by a team member during a conversation, it is already one way of effectively updating other members of the team as well as the owner of the products.
When asked by the scrum to provide “potentially shippable software” at very print’s end, it means that the software is already equipped with a feature or features that can already be released, provided with a limited notice, to the users at the discretion of the product owner. Those products that are set to be released with a span of 2 days are considered as those that are in the potentially shippable state. Preferably, when the term potentially shippable is used in a product, it is already similar to what the Definition of Done is.
In every team, they are working differently to achieve their product’s potentially shippable condition. Most of the time, they use DoD at different levels such as the following:
- DoD for a certain feature. This is typically used for product backlog or story item.
- DoD used for every sprint or the collection of certain features that are developed or made within a single sprint.
- DoD for releases. This is the terms used for items that are labeled as potentially shippable state.
With the different factors that may influence whether an activity belongs to a release, sprint, or feature of DoD, it is necessary that one is well aware of the definitions and get to see its connection with the software or products they develop.
Do remember that DoD is changing in a certain period of time. The ability of the entire team and organizational support in removing impediments can enable the enclosure of added activities in the DoD for either sprints or features. Getting to know these basic things helps in understanding definition of done in product, release, feature, or sprint.
Slimane Zouggari
Eight Waste Elements of Lean IT
Lean IT is an addition of lean production and lean facilities philosophies to the expansion and information technology management of products. Its main concern, functional in IT concept, is the eradication of waste which improves no charge to products and services.
While lean ideologies are largely recognized and have wide-ranging applicability, expansion of manufacturing to IT had just emerged. It positions important tasks for experts while upholding the assurance of no fewer significant paybacks. And whereas its advantages can be narrow in range and provide results fast, implementing this is an ongoing development that could possibly yield years ahead of lean principles to develop intrinsically to an establishment’s tradition.
It intends to detect and remove waste that causes customer service to be poor, business loss, business costs raise, and reduced productivity among employees. In this line, it aims eight components inside IT processes that produce no charge to finished products, services or the core institute.
The eight waste elements of lean IT includes the following:
• Defects
• Overproduction (Overprovisioning)
• Waiting
• Non-Value Added Processing
• Transportation
• Inventory (Excess)
• Motion (Excess)
• Employee Knowledge (Unused)
Defects are illegal system, application modifications and insufficient project implementation which results to insufficient customer service and increased expenses.
Excessive transport of low-cost applications falls under overproduction which causes IT misalignment, higher costs on data space, maintenance and energy.
Waiting is slow application responses and manual service acceleration measures resulting to less productivity.
Giving information on technology metrics to corporate executives that may sometimes lead to miscommunication non-value added processing.
Transportation on the other hand are on-site appointments to solve matters on software, issues on hardware, checking of physical software, compliance and security and this quite affects operational costs.
Inventory (Excess) causes raise in data center and energy expenses plus there is a loss in productivity because of multiple sources to handle threats and control.
Motion (Excess) is about resolving repetitive problems inside the IT structure and applications. Less productivity may occur.
Last would be the Employee Knowledge wherein some employees fail to grasp ideas and advances. They encounter retention issues and time spent on dreary or ordinary tasks.
Each element can cause waste; connections amongst elements sometimes generate a queue of waste like a domino effect.
Services like Value streams are delivered by IT function towards the organization for customer use, suppliers, personnel, stockholders, managers, media and other investors. These services are classified into:
Business services
Example: point-of-sale transaction processing
IT services
Example: data backup
The division between business and IT value streams is significant. Agreed Lean IT’s aim of decreasing waste, IT services are second to business services. By this, IT services became branches that feed the primary business service. Once an IT service does not pay worth to a business service, it is a spring of waste. Wastes are shown by mapping of value-streams.
Lean IT involves a scheme of value-stream mapping which is the diagramming and examining services into their element process stages and entirely excluding any stage that does not deliver value since they will surely become excess waste.
— Slimane Zouggari
How Lean IT Works?
Lean IT is the extension of lean services and manufacturing principle applied to manage, create and develop IT services and products. It emphasizes the activity of eliminating the unnecessary things that are not needed in the production. Those unnecessary things have no value at all. The core goal is to maximize the value of the customers and consumers while the waste is minimized. In a very simple way, lean creates big value to the customers and consumers with a few resource used in the production. So, in order to accomplish this, lean IT thinking will change the emphasis of the management though optimization of separate assets, technologies and vertical departments to maximize the flow of services and products through the entire value flowing horizontally across the assets, technologies and departments to the consumers.
Lean IT for the Production and Services
There is a prominent misconception that Lean IT is only suited for manufacturing. Well then, it is not true. Lean can be applied in every agile business and in every business process. It is not either a cost reduction program or a tactic but it is a way of acting and thinking for the entire organization.
The business in all sectors like government and healthcare are primarily using Lean IT principles in whatever they do and think. Many of the organizations are hesitant to use the term lean but they are labeling it based on their own system like Toyota Production System or Danaher Business System. Want to know why? It is because lean is not an obvious program or a term used for cost reduction but it is the way the company operates. This is often used to characterize the company to switch from the old way of thinking to the lean way of thinking. It requires a complete transformation on the way the company conducts the business. This will take a long term perseverance and perspective.
Purpose, Process and People
These are the three fundamental issues on business that will serve as a guide to the transformation of the organization. The managers, together with the executives must embark on the lean transformations.
Purpose
What are the customer’s problem that can be solved by the enterprise to achieve its purpose of prospering?
Process
How will organization assess the major value stream in order to make sure that each step is valuable, available, capable, flexible, adequate and all steps are linked by pull, flow and leveling?
People
How will the organization ensure that in every important procedures made, there is someone responsible for the continually evaluation of the value stream in the lean process and business purpose? How can everyone touch the value stream actively in the correct operation and improvement of it?
Lean fully understands the value of the customers, so it focuses on increasing the continued process on the thing that is most importantly needed. The ultimate action is to give a perfect and sustainable value to customers through perfect creation processing of value that is zero waste.
— Slimane Zouggari
You must be logged in to post a comment.